Adaptive Environments & Universal Design

Adaptive Environments has established a niche in the international spectrum of organizations and individuals that share a vision of design-for-all/universal design. We funnel the depth and breadth of worldwide information about universal design, and disseminate the wealth of ideas and best examples to two audiences: decision makers (e.g., academics, design practitioners, leaders from business and government) and the general public. Our biennial conference is the primary vehicle for gathering, filtering and disseminating information to both audiences. We also undertake a limited number of direct consultation projects annually near our offices in Boston.

What is Universal Design?

Universal design is a worldwide movement based on the concept that all products, environments and communications should be designed to consider the needs of the widest possible array of users. It is also known around the world as design for all, inclusive design, lifespan design. Universal design is a way of thinking about design that is based on the following premises:

• Varying ability is not a special condition of the few but a common characteristic of being human and we change physically and intellectually throughout our lives;
• If a design works well for people with disabilities, it works better for everyone;
• At any point in our lives, personal self-esteem, identity, and well-being are deeply affected by our ability to function in our physical surroundings with a sense of comfort, independence and control.'(Leslie Kanes Weisman, 4/99)
• Usability and aesthetics are mutually compatible.

Principles of Universal Design*

1. Equitable Use: The design does not disadvantage or stigmatize any group of users.
2. Flexibility in Use: The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.
3. Simple, Intuitive Use: Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.
4. Perceptible Information: The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities.
5. Tolerance for Error: The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions.
6. Low Physical Effort: The design can be used efficiently and comfortably, and with a minimum of fatigue.
7. Size and Space for Approach & Use: Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use, regardless of the user's body size, posture, or mobility.

* Compiled by advocates of universal design, listed in alphabetical order:
Bettye Rose Connell, Mike Jones, Ron Mace, Jim Mueller, Abir Mullick, Elaine Ostroff, Jon Sanford, Ed Steinfeld, Molly Story, Gregg Vanderheiden

© Center for Universal Design, School of Design, North Carolina State University